REMEMBER!

Via Atlas Shrugs

http://atlasshrugs2000.typepad.com/atlas_shrugs/

Obama #epicfail: Libyan official warned Obama adminsitration 3 days before thre attack 

Security officials on the ground in Libya challenge Obama’s cover-up narrative

Secret Document reveals Al-Qaeda ‘brother’ put in control of U.S. Embassy in Libya

Obama administration ignored Ambassador Stevens’ warnings of Islamic extremism before Benghazi attack

Obama’s Fort Hood taqiyya: Sanction of jihad as “workplace violence” #savage

Obama’s Muslim advisers have gone so far as to block Middle Eastern Christians’ access to the White house.

Obama: Lethal for Israel

Lara Logan’s #savage jihad Speech: We are being lied to

Obama to offer his “personal commitment to Muslims at the University of Cairo

Obama’s inauguration prayer will be given by terror linked group president

Exclusive: U.S. offers secret data for Russia missile shield approval

BOMBSHELL: US in talks to swap jihad terror Sheikh Omar Abdel Rahman & 49 others for 19 Americans held in Egypt

Obama’s Strategy on Retrieving Drone Downed in Iran

When asked what Obama’s strategy was for the retrieval of the state-of-the-art drone that went down in Iran, Obama said:

“We’ve asked for it back.”

Obama-provided Drone Technology: Hezbollah’s Iranian-Designed Drone major step forward for #savage war on the Jews

Obama Orders Sharia-Compliant Scrub of Counterterrorism Materials

Obama’s War on Free Speech: Partnering with the OIC Caliphate on “Religious Tolerance”

Obama Kills Pipeline, 25,000 Jobs and Cheaper Energy

OWS: Occupy Portland Protesters Sing “Fuck the USA,” Obama Supports #OWS Revolution, Plots to Use Anger in Reelection Putsch

• Obama-endorsed Occupy Portland desecrates war memorial
  Obama-endorsed Occupy Wall Street: “Blame the Jews” “Hitler’s Bankers, Wall Street”
  Obama-endorsed #OWS Frances Fox Piven Telling College Students To Be Ready For Violent Street Battles
  Obama-endorsed #OWS Protester  defecating on a POLICE CAR
  Obama-endorsed #OWS “Eat the Rich”
  Obama-endorsed Hate at Occupy Wall Street Protests « Emergency Committee for Israel
  Obama-Endorsed Occupy Denver Protesters: “Hang and Shoot” Bush Administration
  Obama-Endorsed Occupy LA Protester: “Zionist Jews… Need to Be Run Out of This Country” (Video)
  Obama-Endorsed Occupy Portland Goons Sing “F*ck the USA” (Video)
  ‘Occupy Boston’ Ruins Food Bank Fundraiser, Conservatives Step in With $3,700 Fund Drive
  Despite Costing City of Boston Thousands, Mass Governor Greets and Hugs ‘Occupy’ Protesters

More Secrets and Lies: Obama Appeals Ruling to Release White House visitor logs

WH Ramadan Dinner: Obama honored the sacrifices that Muslim Americans made on 911

FOX Nation: “Geller: Obama is ‘Essentially Backing Al-Qaeda in Libya'”

Obama’s Pal Ahmadinejad Places Missiles That Can Reach U.S. Inside Obama Pal Chavez’s Venezuela

Doug Ross compiled this:

• First President to Violate the War Powers Act (Unilaterally Executing American Military Operations in Libya Without Informing Congress In the Required Time Period – Source: Huffington Post)

• First President to Triple the Number of Warrantless Wiretaps of U.S. Citizens (Source: ACLU)

• First President to Sign into Law a Bill That Permits the Government to “Hold Anyone Suspected of Being Associated With Terrorism Indefinitely, Without Any Form of Due Process. No Indictment. No Judge or Jury. No Evidence. No Trial. Just an Indefinite Jail Sentence” (NDAA Bill – Source: Business Insider)

• First President to Have His Attorney General Held in Criminal Contempt of Congress For His Efforts to Cover Up Operation Fast and Furious, That Killed Over 300 Individuals (Source: Politico)

• First President to claim Executive Privilege to shield a sitting Attorney General from a Contempt of Congress finding for perjury and withholding evidence from lawful subpoenas (Source: Business Insider)

• First President to Issue Unlawful “Recess-Appointments” Over a Long Weekend — While the U.S. Senate Remained in Session (against the advice of his own Justice Department – Source: Heritage Foundation)

• First President to Fire an Inspector General of Americorps for Catching One of His Friends in a Corruption Case (Source: Gawker)

• First President to “Order a Secret Amnesty Program that Stopped the Deportations of Illegal Immigrants Across the U.S., Including Those With Criminal Convictions” (Source: DHS documents uncovered by Judicial Watch)

• First President to Sue States for Enforcing Voter ID Requirements, Which Were Previously Ruled Legal by the U.S. Supreme Court (Source: CNN)

• First President to Encourage Racial Discrimination and Intimidation at Polling Places (the New Black Panthers voter intimidation case, Source: Investors Business Daily)

• First President to Refuse to Comply With a House Oversight Committee Subpoena (Source: Heritage Foundation)

• First President to Arbitrarily Declare an Existing Law Unconstitutional and Refuse to Enforce It (Defense of Marriage Act – Source: ABC News)

• First President to Demand a Company Hand Over $20 Billion to One of His Political Appointees (BP Oil Spill Relief Fund – Source: Fox News)

• First President to Have a Law Signed By an ‘Auto-pen’ Without Being “Present” (Source: The New York Times)

• First President to Have His Administration Fund an Organization Tied to the Cop-Killing Terrorist Group, the Weather Underground (Source: National Review)

• First President to Have His Attorney General Held in Criminal Contempt of Congress For His Efforts to Cover Up Operation Fast and Furious, That Killed Over 300 Individuals (Source: Politico)

• First President to claim Executive Privilege to shield a sitting Attorney General from a Contempt of Congress finding for perjury and withholding evidence from lawful subpoenas (Source: Business Insider)

• First President to Issue Unlawful “Recess-Appointments” Over a Long Weekend — While the U.S. Senate Remained in Session (against the advice of his own Justice Department – Source: Heritage Foundation)

• First President to Fire an Inspector General of Americorps for Catching One of His Friends in a Corruption Case (Source: Gawker)

• First President to “Order a Secret Amnesty Program that Stopped the Deportations of Illegal Immigrants Across the U.S., Including Those With Criminal Convictions” (Source: DHS documents uncovered by Judicial Watch)

• First President to Sue States for Enforcing Voter ID Requirements, Which Were Previously Ruled Legal by the U.S. Supreme Court (Source: CNN)

• First President to Encourage Racial Discrimination and Intimidation at Polling Places (the New Black Panthers voter intimidation case, Source: Investors Business Daily)

• First President to Refuse to Comply With a House Oversight Committee Subpoena (Source: Heritage Foundation)

• First President to Arbitrarily Declare an Existing Law Unconstitutional and Refuse to Enforce It (Defense of Marriage Act – Source: ABC News)

• First President to Demand a Company Hand Over $20 Billion to One of His Political Appointees (BP Oil Spill Relief Fund – Source: Fox News)

• First President to Have a Law Signed By an ‘Auto-pen’ Without Being “Present” (Source: The New York Times)

• First President to Have His Administration Fund an Organization Tied to the Cop-Killing Terrorist Group, the Weather Underground (Source: National Review)

Scandals

• First President to publicly announce an enemies list (consisting of his opponents campaign contributors; and to use the instrumentalities of government to punish those on the list – Source: Heritage Foundation)

• First President to Attempt to Block Legally-Required 60-Day Layoff Notices by Government Contractors Due to His Own Cuts to Defense Spending — Because The Notices Would Occur Before the Election. (Source: National Journal)

• First President to Intentionally Disable Credit Card Security Measures (in order to allow over-the-limit donations, foreign contributions and other illegal fundraising measures – Source: Power Line)

• First President to send 80 percent of a $16 billion program (green energy) to his campaign bundlers and contributors, leaving only 20% to those who did not contribute. (Source: Washington Examiner)

• First President to Propose an Executive Order Demanding Companies Disclose Their Political Contributions to Bid on Government Contracts (Source: Wall Street Journal)

• First President to issue an Executive Order implementing a “Racial Justice System”, a system that tries to achieve “racially equivalent outcomes” for crimes (Source: Daily Caller)

• First President to Send Millions in Taxpayer Dollars to His Wife’s Former Employer (Source: White House Dossier)

Economy

• First President to Preside Over a Cut to the Credit Rating of the United States Government(Source: Reuters)

• First President to Bypass Congress and Implement the DREAM Act Through Executive Fiat(Source: Christian Science Monitor)

• First President to Move America Past the Dependency Tipping Point, In Which 51% of Households Now Pay No Income Taxes (Source: Center for Individual Freedom)

• First President to Increase Food Stamp Spending By More Than 100% in Less Than Four Years (Source: Sen. Jeff Sessions)

• First President to Spend a Trillion Dollars on ‘Shovel-Ready’ Jobs — and Later Admit There Was No Such Thing as Shovel-Ready Jobs (Source: President Obama during an early meeting of his ‘Jobs Council’)

• First President to Threaten Insurance Companies After They Publicly Spoke out on How Obamacare Helped Cause their Rate Increases (Source: The Hill)

• First President to Abrogate Bankruptcy Law to Turn Over Control of Companies to His Union Supporters (Source: Wall Street Journal)

• First President to Propose Budgets So Unreasonable That Not a Single Representative From Either Party Would Cast a Vote in Favor (Sources: The Hill, Open Market)

• First President Whose Economic Policies Have the Number of Americans on Disability Exceed the Population of New York (Source: CNS News)

• First President to Sign a Law Requiring All Americans to Purchase a Product From a Third Party (Source: Wall Street Journal)

• First President to Sue States For Enforcing Immigration Laws Passed by Congress (Source:The Arizona Republic newspaper)

• First President to See America Lose Its Status as the World’s Largest Economy (Source: Peterson Institute)

• First President to redistribute $26.5 billion of the taxpayers’ funds to his union supporters in the UAW (Source: Heritage Foundation)

• First President to Threaten an Auto Company (Ford) After It Publicly Mocked Bailouts of GM and Chrysler (Source: Detroit News)

• First President to Attempt to Bully a Major Manufacturing Company Into Not Opening a Factory in a Right-to-Work State (Boeing’s facility in South Carolina – Source: Wall Street Journal)

Energy Policy

• First President to Endanger the Stability of the Electric Grid by Shutting Down Hundreds of Coal-Fired Plants Without Adequate Replacement Technologies (Source: National Electric Reliability Corporation – PDF)

• First President to Have His EPA Repudiated by a Federal Judge for “Overstepping Its Powers” When They Attempted to Shut Down Coal Operations in Appalachia (Source: Huffington Post)

• First President to be Held in Contempt of Court for Illegally Obstructing Oil Drilling in the Gulf of Mexico (Source: Politico)

National Security and World Affairs

• First President to Lie Repeatedly to the American People About the Murder of a U.S. Ambassador and Three Other Diplomatic Personnel for Purely Political Reasons (Source:Roger Simon)

• First President to Openly Defy a Congressional Order Not To Share Sensitive Nuclear Defense Secrets With the Russian Government (Sources: ABC News, Rep. Michael Turner)

• First President to Leak Highly Classified Military and Intelligence Secrets to Hollywood In Order to Promote a Movie That Could Help His Reelection Campaign (Source: Judicial Watch)

• First President to Terminate America’s Ability to Put a Man into Space (Sources: USA Today,ABC News)

• First President to press for a “treaty giving a U.N. body veto power over the use of our territorial waters and rights to half of all offshore oil revenue” (The Law Of The Sea Treaty,Source: Investors Business Daily)

• First President to send $200 million to a terrorist organization (Hamas) after Congress had explicitly frozen the money for fear it would fund attacks against civilians (Sources: American Thinker, The Independent [UK])

Miscellania

• First President to Insert Himself into White House Biographies of Past Presidents (Source:The New York Times).

• First President to Golf 105 or More Times in His First Three-and-a-half Years in Office(Source: The Hill)

But remember: he will not rest until all Americans have jobs, affordable homes, green-energy vehicles, and the environment is repaired, etc., etc., etc.

Bumper Stickers

‘THE HOPE AND THE CHANGE’ MOVIE TO AIR ON BROADCAST, CABLE TV

‘THE HOPE AND THE CHANGE’ MOVIE TO AIR ON BROADCAST, CABLE TV

Link

Citizens United produced the film and has struck a deal to begin airing the movie on six broadcast stations and six cable stations beginning Tuesday on HDNet and through November’s presidential election. It will reach 130 million households and air on broadcast stations in Indiana, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Hawaii, and Colorado. The movie will air on cable channels such as FamilyNet, Rural TV, and HDNet movies.

Sean Hannity said “The Hope and the Change” was the “most powerful documentary” he had “ever seen,” and the movie could only be produced because of the Supreme Court decision that did not place limits on political speech.

“It is important to note that these distribution opportunities would have been against the law a mere three years ago. This is why I went to the United States Supreme Court – to fight for the right to produce a political documentary,” said Producer David N. Bossie. “’The Hope and The Change’ exposes the hard truth that many Democrats and independents are suffering at the hands of President Obama’s failed policies, and we will aggressively market this film so Americans can finally have an unfiltered conversation they deserve.”

Stephen K. Bannon, who directed the film, said “the ability to reach 130 million American cumulative households with this historic deal is astonishing.”

“The power of the film comes from the collective unscripted and unrehearsed voices of the participants – ordinary Americans from every walk of life – who broke through the white noise of political speak,” Bannon said.

Pat Caddell, the former Jimmy Carter adviser who helped conduct the film’s focus groups of Reagan Democrats from swing states like Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Colorado, said “this documentary gives real voice to ordinary Americans, Democrats and independents, who are, until now, unheard and ignored by the political class and mainstream media.”

“The power of these 2008 Obama voters comes from the fact that they were unscripted and spoke from their hearts,” Caddell said.

The movie is one of the most powerful weapons of the 2012 election cycle for its unfiltered portrayal of the disaffected voters who voted for Obama who feel betrayed by his false promises and lofty rhetoric.

The mainstream media knows how powerfully the movie resonates with voters who will decide the election in swing states like Ohio and Florida, and that is why they are not giving the movie any publicity. The mainstream press has also avoided interviewing and profiling the types of disaffected Reagan Democrats “The Hope and the Change” profiled.

With the broadcast and cable television deal, “The Hope and the Change” has an opportunity to go over the heads of the traditional, legacy media and into the homes of some of the most important swing voters in this election.

http://www.thehopeandthechange.com/

The Democrats reject GOD, elevate Obama, become the Judas Party

Judas denied Jesus three times, the Democrats denied God three times. In denying GOD they have elevated Barack Obama as their idol.

Here is Democratic literature in their own words;

Just as Judas betrayed Christ, the Democrats have betrayed the United States of America, the Christian church, the Declaration of Independence, The United States Constitution, the Nation of Israel, worst of all they have denied God, Jesus Christ, the Holy Ghost in public and as Jesus said; “But whoever shall deny me before men, him will I also deny before my Father who is in heaven.” Matthew 10:33

“Truly I say to you that this very night, before a rooster crows, you will deny Me three times.” — Matthew 26:34

Barry the BS’er thinks he’s still in college

Obama Gives Himself An “Incomplete” Grade On Fixing The Economy After Four Years

In an interview with KKTV of Colorado Springs, Obama Gives Himself An “Incomplete” Grade On Fixing The Economy After Four Years. (9-3-12).

It is unbelievable that after four years Barry the BS’er has the ‘AUDCITY’ to place the blame on someone else, refuse responsibility, and own his failed policies, and to give himself an ‘INCOMPLTETE’, this is not college. It’s real and the grade is an ‘F’. Failure, just like his idiot policies, his unAmerican work ethic.

OBAMA’s own word state that he’s a one term proposition.

Elections Have Consequences

Elections Have Consequences

Nov 2010 – enough said

GOP Promises: Obama Investigations are Coming

As news has broken overnight that an Obama administration official may have perjured himself about the dismissal of the New Black Panthers voter intimidation case, Congressional Republicans have promised they will investigate Barack Obama’s crimes in the new year.

The Hill newspaper reports today Congressman Darrell Issa’s “Oversight and Government Reform Committee anticipate a ramp-up of investigations next year on bailout measures, the economic stimulus and healthcare.”

Jason Chaffetz, R-UT, who sits on the committee, told the paper, “No doubt about it, there needs to be a lot more examination of the TARP, stimulus and Fannie [Mae] and Freddie [Mac].” Committee aide Kurt Bardella added the GOP will take on “anyone [who] is misusing taxpayer dollars,” naming ACORN and General Motors, among others.

Many believe any honest inquest will inevitably turn from investigative hearings to impeachment proceedings.

If the committee has proven anything to date, it is that its members have much to investigate. It produced a 36-page report recounting the Obama administration’s use of tax dollars for covert propaganda, a potentially illegal — and hence, potentially impeachable — offense.

Congressman Issa is asking Americans across the country to send him pictures of the stimulus signs announcing that Obama and local functionaries are “Putting America Back to Work” with porkbarrel projects. Misappropriation of bailout funds, especially by entities Obama forced to take the funds, are sure to make the investigate docket in 2011.

As today’s news shows, not all investigations are limited to the misuse or misappropriation of funds. Allegations remain that the administration illegally offered Joe Sestak a job to drop out of his primary race against Arlen Specter. Bill Clinton’s recent words on the subject contradict the White House party line and could open the door to the president’s downfall. Rep. Issa has already promised to investigate. Issa’s colleague from New Jersey, Rep. Chris Smith, believes the administration’s lobbying for Kenya’s new, pro-abortion, pro-Shari’a constitution is illegal, and thus an impeachable offense, the State Department’s whitewashing notwithstanding.

Issa’s chairmanship, and the ascension of Rep. Chaffetz, will be necessary, not merely to restore honor and decency to the White House, but if Americans ever hope to drain the swamp of kickbacks and goldbricking D.C. insiders have raised to a new art.

Ultimately, only conservatives (and not merely Republicans) can end Washington’s corruption. As long as the federal government continues to dole out trillions of dollars in “stimulus,” businesses will try to obtain as many tax dollars as possible. As long as left-wing Democrats regulate every activity under the sun, they will hire lobbyists to protect themselves from Obama’s extortion racket. As long as the administration threatens to punish success with confiscatory tax rates, they will hire lawyers to exploit every loophole in the IRS code.

And they will hire Congressmen to write them.

The problem of corruption is an out of control government that exceeds any limits dreamed of by the Founding Fathers. Indeed, at times it seems the government exceeds the limits dream of by Thomas Hobbes.

The corruption is a symptom and necessary correlate of the welfare state. The long-term solution is to return the government to its constitutional limits and specifically enumerated functions. Only by shrinking the size, scope, cost, and reach of government — by depriving it of boons to hand out and selective punishments to impose — can corruption come to an end.

Humpty Obama

The following was posted on the ObamaFile. The responses that were included [here in red] are excellent and deserve to be posted everywhere. I have included additional responses [mine – in green] for some additional comments.

DOJ To Judge:  Dump Ambassador Keyes Lawsuit

The Justice Department is urging a federal court to toss out a lawsuit in which prominent attorney Orly Taitz, who is representing Ambassador Alan Keyes and 200 military members, is challenging Obama’s Constitutional qualifications to be president.

In a motion filed Friday in U.S. District Court in Santa Ana, Calif., government lawyers did not directly rebut the theory Taitz propounds that Obama was not born in Hawaii as he claims and as asserted by Hawaiian officials as well as contemporary newspaper birth notices.  Instead, the federal attorneys argued that the suit is inherently flawed because such disputes can’t be resolved in court and because the dozens of plaintiffs can’t show they are directly injured by Obama’s presence in office.

 The State of Hawaii, has not confirmed they issued a Certification in 2007 or 2008, that contains the Vital record of Barack Obama. Nor has the State of Hawaii or any officials released any information that it contains. Also it begs to ask, why if Barack Obama claims to have released his Birth Certificate, would he spend $1.6 million to keep what he has already released, sealed?

 

“It is clear, from the text of the Constitution, and the relevant statutory law implementing the Constitution’s textual commitments, that challenges to the qualifications of a candidate for President can, in the first instance, be presented to the voting public before the election, and, once the election is over, can be raised as objections as the electoral votes are counted in the Congress,” Assistant United States Attorneys Roger West and David DeJute wrote.  “Therefore, challenges such as those purportedly raised in this case are committed, under the Constitution, to the electors, and to the Legislative branch.” — you don’t say! — so I guess if Obama secured his office through fraud, it’s OK with the Obama JustUs Department — what a shocking surprise!

 So the numerous e-mails, calls, and letters to the Senators and Congressman that went unanswered and ignored, along with no challenge being done at the Electoral College means they completely disregarded the will of the people and committed treason by failing in their sworn duty to uphold and defend the Constitution.  Or the admission that they investigated and by the word of  Snopes.com that he was born in Hawaii. Let alone taking a newspaper announcement as a legal document.

Lieutenant Jason Freese and some other plaintiffs in the case claim they have a real injury because they are serving in the military commander by Obama, the alleged usurper.  However, West and DeJute say that argument is too speculative.

 I wonder where they received their liberal law degrees, that when something is clear and concise as John Jay’s letter to George Washington concerning the Commander of the Army, they become confused and disorientated to the point they babble, stumble, attempt to confuse the issue.

“The injuries alleged by Plaintiff Freese and the other military Plaintiffs herein, are not particularized as to them, but, rather, would be shared by all members of the military and is an inadequate basis on which to establish standing,” the government lawyers wrote. — Same old argument — “Standing” — the American People have no right to know who and what Obama is, nor where he comes from — he’s special, you know.

So if no one complains about the rules being violated the game goes on? But here they maintain that if an illegal act was committed, EVERYONE involved has to complain, before anything can be done. Imagine a murder being committed and before the accused can be charged, EVERYONE from the murderer, the victim, the family involved has to agree that something or someone was violated; a wrong was committed, before any actions or charges could be brought forth. If this is the case, how many murderers would agree that they did anything wrong. Amazing!

Another plaintiff in the suit, Alan Keyes, is a three-time, longshot presidential candidate who ran most recently in 2008.  Yet another is Gail Lightfoot, an ultra-longshot vice presidential candidate in 2008. The DOJ argues that they were not directly aggrieved by Obama’s election because they never had a mathematical chance of winning.

But an illegal candidate can remain there if the voting public is too ignorant to investigate him? Again, if Barack Obama was found to be ineligible the legal candidates would have been harmed and the outcome could not have been the same. If given the choices without the illegal candidates because they were rightfully removed, who would have the voters selected? So harm was done as the federal campaign finances were available to parties with a certain level of votes.

“The [lawsuit] does not allege, nor could it allege, that any of these Plaintiffs were even on the ballot in enough states in the year 2008 to gain the requisite 270 electoral votes to win the Presidential election,” the motion states. — So what?  Since when did winning a political office become a prerequisite for running?

 Being an illegal candidate and disqualified in one State, would have opened the vetting process and allowed the voters to make an informed decision. Questions were raised prior to the conventions and again ignored.  

The Justice Department brief takes a few shots at the wackiness of the birthers, accusing them of trafficking in “innuendo” and advancing “a variety of vaguely-defined claims purportedly related to a hodgepodge of constitutional provisions, civil and criminal statutes, and the Freedom of Information Act.”

 Those arguments notwithstanding, the DOJ lawyers were pretty kind to the birthers and to Taitz, since the filings in the case are replete with spelling errors, among others. Taitz submitted another purported foreign birth certificate for Obama last week in a filing labeled, “Kenian Hospital Birth Certificate for Barack Obama.”

The case is set for a hearing Tuesday morning before Judge David Carter.

This biased report could have been written by Obama, himself.  I have removed many of the pejoratives that Gerstein sprinkled “liberally” throughout the source article.  This Obot doesn’t mention that Taitz is representing Ambassador Allen Keyes, the Independent Party candidate for POTUS, and 200 military officers and non-commissioned officers till halfway through this smear job.

  I guess Gerstein believes that “a three-time, longshot presidential candidate” or “an ultra-longshot vice presidential candidate” is not entitled to justice. These lefties make me want to hurl!  It’s all justice for me, but not for thee, with these people.

 

  Only an Obama JustUs Department, protector of the New Black Panther Party, could claim a plaintiff shouldn’t be heard, shouldn’t receive justice, because, “…they never had a mathematical chance of winning.” Furthermore, what in the hell is Justice Department lawyers doing defending Obama in this suit?  It’s bad enough that Obama has illegally spent at least $600,000 from his campaign funds, to compensate Perkins Coie for legal services, to keep his bona fides from the American People — now he’s got Civil Service lawyers from the JJustUs Department representing him.

The Bail-out

Watch this abe informed about this bail-out.

The Democrats requiring Banks to LOWER Mortage requirements.